South African law provides heavy protection for pregnant employees and does so via numerous pieces of legislation. Included in this raft of legislation is the BCEA’s Code of Good Practice on The Protection of Employees During Pregnancy And After The Birth Of A Child (The Code) which requires employers to:
- Encourage their female employees to inform the employer of their pregnancy as early as possible so as to ensure that the employer can assess risks and deal with them.
- Evaluate the situation of each employee who has informed the employer that she is pregnant.
- Assess risks to the health and safety of pregnant or breast-feeding employees within the workplace.
- Implement measures to protect pregnant or breast-feeding employees.
- Supply pregnant or breast-feeding employees with information and training regarding risks to their health and safety and measures for eliminating and minimising such risks.
- Maintain a list of jobs not involving risk to which pregnant or breast-feeding employees could be transferred.
Employer should note that, even where an employee who has already given birth is 100% well, the illness of the new-born baby entitles the employee to time off to look after the child. In the case of De Beer vs SA Export Connection cc t/a Global Paws (2008, 1 BLLR 36) the employee gave birth to a twin and took one month’s maternity leave by agreement. As the babies were both ill by the time the one-month maternity leave period was up, the mother applied for another month off. The employer granted her only two more weeks’ leave and, when she did not return to work, she was dismissed.
The employee referred the matter to the Labour Court claiming that the dismissal was automatically unfair because she had been fired for reasons related to her pregnancy. That is, Section 187 of the Labour Relations Act (LRA) classifies a dismissal as automatically unfair if the reason for the dismissal was related to the pregnancy of the dismissed employee. The employer argued that the illness of the children did not relate to the pregnancy. That is, it argued that the phrase in the LRA “reasons relating to pregnancy” refers to the mother herself and not to the new-born children.
The Labour Court decided that:
- The phrase in the LRA “reasons relating to pregnancy” refers not only to the mother herself but also to the new-born children and to the mother’s right to nurture them.
- The agreement entered into by the parties limiting the maternity leave to one month was null and void.
- The employee was legally entitled to take the remainder of her maternity leave to look after her babies.
- The dismissal was automatically unfair.
- The employer was to pay the employee 20 months’ remuneration in compensation plus the legal costs of the employee.
In the De Beer case it is possible that the employer believed that it had been generous enough in giving the employee substantially more leave than the three days allowed under the family responsibility leave section of the BCEA. However, the Court found that the employee did not need specific permission to be off work because looking after new-born babies falls under maternity leave (not under family responsibility leave or any other type of leave), and that working mothers are automatically entitled to four months maternity leave.
Due to the substantial legal protections of pregnant employees, employers cannot afford to treat them as they believe is fair. Instead, employers need to utilise the services of labour law experts to devise and implement detailed strategies for ensuring the welfare of working mothers and for minimising the effect of motherhood on workplace productivity without breaking the law.
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